3-D Skiing
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Improved skiing

Animation of skiing. This model was largely developed by Ingrid Hartung and Janulf Sjöström, two excellent graduate students of the Mid Sweden University in Östersund in Sweden. They were the first external users of AnyBody and suffered all the pain of working with an unfinished and not very user-friendly, experimental piece of software. Their efforts inspired us a lot in terms of required system improvements.

The model shown here is still in an incomplete state and not physiologically correct, but it illustrates nicely the development of the system from the initial 2-D bicycle.

It is a model of a trunk fixed to the ground with an arm and a skiing pole attached. The model drives the motion of the hand so that the pole performs a cyclic motion.

The representation of the body segments is rather primitive and requires some explanation: the centers of gravity (CG) of each segment are represented by the yellow boxes. From the CG, the system generates a line connected to each of the points defined on each segment, for instance for muscle attachments. This means that the yellow lines in the model are not skeleton representations but merely a way to illustrate rigid bodies.

The model is equipped with 52 individual muscles.

The muscle model of this stage could not handle muscles that wrap over bones, so all muscles are approximated by straight lines. This is a significant approximation, particularly w.r.t. the muscles spanning the trunk.

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